No48

6万吨/年油泥沙处理综合利用项目

    一、项目主要内容
    （一）项目名称：6万吨/年油泥沙处理综合利用项目
    （二）项目内容：胜利油田的含油污泥主要来源于以下几个方面：接转站、联合站的油罐、沉降罐、污水罐、隔油池的底泥，炼厂含油污水处理设施、轻烃加工厂，天然气净化装置清除出来的油砂、油泥，钻井、作业、管线穿孔而产生的落地原油及含油污泥。含油污泥的组成主要是油、泥和水，给环境造成危害的是油。 根据石油企业固体废弃物的特点，油泥(沙)既是生产中的废物，又是可贵的二次资源，如果对这些油泥(沙)进行有组织的收集，并开发研究出适当的方法工艺将其回收利用(如回收其中的原油)，那么不仅会回收大量的能源和减轻污染，而且会产生很大的经济效益。因此，拟建设6万吨/年油泥沙处理综合利用项目。
    二、项目提出的依据及必要性
    含油污泥是在石油开采、运输、炼制及含油污水处理过程中产生的含油固体废物。含油污泥体积庞大，若不加以处理直接排放，不但占用大量耕地，而且对周围土壤、水体、空气都将造成污染，伴有恶臭气体产生，而且对周围土壤、水体、空气都将造成污染，伴有恶臭气体产生，污泥含有大量的病原菌、寄生虫（卵）、铜、锌、铬、汞等重金属，盐类以及多氯联苯、二恶英、放射性核素等难降解的有毒有害物质。含油污泥若不加以处理，不仅污染环境，而且造成资源的浪费。含油污泥的处理一直是困扰油田的一大难题。鉴于此，该公司拟投资上油泥沙处理综合利用项目，不仅降低含油污泥对环境的影响，而且还能使油、沙变废为宝。
    三、市场前景分析
    含油污泥中一般含油率在10-50%，含水率在40-90%。我国石油化学行业中，平均每年产生的含油污泥量比较大，大约为80万吨罐底泥、池底泥。经污染源调查知，油田各接转站、联合站每年清沙量约在15万吨左右，再加上落地原油回收后剩余的油泥，全油田每年至少产生30万吨的油泥（沙）。对这些油泥(沙)的分析化验结果表明，其含油量在10%-30%(干重)之间，含水量在50-90%之间，按平均含油量以20%(干重)计，每年约有4万吨原油沉积在油泥(沙)中，造成巨大的资源浪费和严重的环境污染。含油污泥的来源主要有以下几种途径：一是原油开采产生含油污泥。原油开采过程中产生的含油污泥主要来源于地面处理系统，采油污水处理过程中产生的含油污泥，再加上污水净化处理中投加的净水剂形成的絮体、设备及管道腐蚀产物和垢物、细菌(尸体)等组成了含油污泥。此种含油污泥一般具有含油量高、粘度大、颗粒细、脱水难等特点,它不仅影响外输原油质量,还导致注水水质和外排污水难以达标。二是油田集输过程产生含油污泥。胜利油田含油污泥的主要来源于接转站、联合站的油罐、沉降罐、污水罐、隔油池底泥、炼厂含油水处理设施、轻烃加工厂、天然气净化装置清除出来的油沙、油泥，钻井、作业、管线穿孔而产生的落地原油及含油污泥。油品储罐在储存油品时，油品中的少量机械杂质、沙粒、泥土、重金属盐类以及石蜡和沥青质等重油性组分沉积在油罐底部，形成罐底油泥。在3-6年的油罐定期清洗中，罐底含油污泥量约占罐容的1%左右。罐底含油污泥的特点是碳氢化合物（油）含量极高。据调查测试发现，油罐底泥中大约25%为水，5%的无机沉淀物如泥沙，70%左右为碳氢化合物，其中沥青质占7.8%，石蜡占6%，污泥灰分含量4.8%。三是炼油厂污水处理场产生的含油污泥。炼油厂污水处理场的含油污泥主要来源于隔油池底泥、浮选池浮渣、原油罐底泥等，俗称“三泥”，这些含油污泥组成各异，通常含油率在10％-50％之间，含水率在40％-90％之间，同时伴有一定量的固体。
综上所述，进行油泥沙处理综合利用项目建设的前景比较看好。
    四、建设规模及产品方案
    建设规模及产品方案：该项目建设规模为6万吨油泥砂综合处理装置。项目建成后，年产加气混凝土10万立方米、油砂综合处理6万吨。
    五、技术方案及设备方案
    （一）技术方案。该项目采用热水预洗涤+溶剂萃取+机械分离的清洗路线，能有效改变目前处理方法的不足，使油、砂变废为宝，实现循环、节能、环保的目的。该项目不仅有效处理油砂，回收污油，且利用处理后砂生产建材产品，综合经济效益显著。
    （二）设备方案。该项目主要生产设备为卧螺机、旋液分离器、碟片式分离机等设备。
    六、项目投资概算
    该项目计划总投资5000万元，其中固定资产投资3821万元，流动资金1179万元。
    七、经济效益分析
    该项目完工投产后，年产加气混凝土10万立方米、油砂综合处理6万吨，年实现销售收入5000万元，利税800万元，投资利税率16%。

Recommendation for 60 thousand tons per year oil-bearing mud utilization project

ⅠMain contention

   ⅰName: 60 thousand tons per year oil-bearing mud utilization project

   ⅱBackground

   The oil-bearing mud in Shengli oilfield comes from the following: oilcan, clarifying tank, sewage can in transfer station and multi-purpose station oil-bearing sewage treatment facilities; oil sand, oil mud from light hydrocarbon processing factory and natural gas purifying plants; oil-bearing mud form the pipe and artesian well. Main contents of the oil-bearing mud are oil, mud and water. According to the characters of the soil waste in petrol factories, oil mud is not only the waste in the production process but valuable secondary energy. If it gets gathered organized and reclaimed with suitable method, much pollution will be avoided and great value will be created. So it will be advisable to construct 60 thousand tons per year oil-bearing mud utilization project.

Ⅱ Background of the project  

   The oil-bearing mud is a kind of oil-bearing soil waste produced during oil production, transportation, refining as well as the treatments of the oil-bearing waste water. The cubic of the oil-bearing mud is so huge that it might not only occupy much land but cause pollution to around soil, water and air if it fails to get treatments in time. The treatment of the oil-bearing mud has been a question for a long time. Taking it into consideration, the company plans to put investment into treatment and multiple utilization project of the oil-bearing mud. It can not only less the pollution but turn the oil and mud into valuable energy.

Ⅲ Market prospect

   The oil in the oil-bearing mud is usually 10%-50% and water 40%-90%. In the domestic petrifaction plant, much oil-bearing mud is produced per year. According to statistic data, more than 300 thousand tons oil-bearing mud is produced all over the oil filed including 150 thousand tons of transfer stations and multi-purpose stations as well as the remaining oil-bearing mud after the reclaim of the raw petrol. The result of the analysis examination shoes that oil content ranges from 10%-30% and water content 50%-90%. Supposing average oil content of 20%, about 40 thousand tons raw petrol is deposited in the oil-bearing mud, causing great waste of resources and environment pollution. The oil-bearing mud mainly comes from several sources: The first is the exploit of the raw petrol. The oil-bearing mud produced during the exploit of petrol comes from the ground treatment system and the waste water treatments of oil extraction. The second is the oil transportation. The third is waste water treatment plant. The common oil content in the oil-bearing mud from there is about 10%-50% and water content 40%-90% accompanied by some solid.
    To sum up, the prospect of the treatment and multiple utilization project of the oil-bearing mud will be bright.

Ⅳ Construction scale and product plan

    The scale of the project is 60 thousand tons per year comprehensive treatment settlement. As the operation of the project, annual air-entrained concrete and oil mud after treatments will be 100 thousand cubic meter and 60 thousand tons respectively.

Ⅴ Total investments

    The total investment of the project is plans to 50 million RMB including fixed assets 38.21 million RMB and current funds 11.79 million RMB.

Ⅵ Analysis of the economic benefits

    As the operation of the project, annual air-entrained concrete and oil mud after treatments will be 100 thousand cubic meter and 60 thousand tons respectively. Annual revenue sales of 50 million RMB and profits of 8 million RMB are expected to realize.