No47
300台/年智能型节能型抽油机项目
一、项目主要内容
（一）项目名称：300台/年智能型节能型抽油机项目。
（二）项目内容：针对国内抽油机现状，研制开发智能型节能型抽油机，能耗降低20-50%，在智能化程度上采用微处理机和自适应电子控制器进行控制与检测，在运行上具有抽油效率高、功能多、安全可靠、自动化控制高、生产成本低、、适应性强等优点。
二、项目提出的依据及必要性
抽油机是油田采油的主要生产设备，目前国内外最常用的抽油机大部分是游梁式抽油机，它具有结构简单、制造容易、维修方便等特点，特别是它在油田常年全天候运行，具有安全可靠性高的优势，是目前各大油田的首选机型，但是游梁式抽油机在应用过程中仍存在以下不足：平衡效果较差，在长冲程时体积较笨重，不宜操作；消耗能量大，实际应用中减速机过大，加大了抽油机的用电量，也就加大了开采石油的成本，据统计采油所使用的能量占采油成本的三分之一左右；在操作上协调不连续，且不易对井下数据及井上实施全面监控，从而不能对抽油机运行状态做出准确判断。
新疆石油管理局机械制造总公司研制的“游梁下偏平衡抽油机”是在常规抽油机的基础上开发出来的一种新型节能抽油机，其结构简单，并且具有能耗低，可靠性高等优点，现场在用的重型（10型或10型以上）抽油机经过简单的改造（既增加适当的游梁下偏平衡重）后，即可成为游梁下偏平衡抽油机。但其产量低，受地域限制改造范围不广。
目前，老油区大多数已经进入中后期开发阶段，随着原油含水率的不断上升，油层压力和油井动液面的逐渐下降，为了保持原油稳产，即原油产量不随含水率的升高而递减，必须加大采液量，这样采油成本也相应提高。因此，要求采油设备不仅能满足“探油、大排量”提掖的工艺要求，而且要具有能耗低、可靠性高等特点，这就需要选用高效节能的抽油机。然而大量在用抽油机的主流品种仍然是常规抽油机和异相曲柄平衡抽油机，这些数以万计的游梁式抽油机完成了80%以上的采油量，如果将这些抽油机进行简单的改造，使之成为节能更好的抽油机，将会给油田带来可观的经济效益。因此，高效节能抽油机市场潜力很大，随着技术上不断进步和成熟，在占领国内市场的同时，又可进军国际市场，即可替代进口，又实现出口创汇。
因此，研发推广智能型节能型抽油机市场潜力巨大，前景广阔。
三、市场前景分析
目前，国内外油田大多数使用的是游梁式抽油机，在实际操作过程中存在能耗高、体积大、操作复杂等弊端，据统计，中国石油、中国海油现在使用的抽油机80%以上就是这种型号，因此推广使用智能型节能型抽油机势在必行。国内虽然生产抽油机的厂家很多，但多数厂家产品技术含量低，能耗高，不具有竞争优势；世界上生产智能型节能型抽油机的厂家不足十家，产能仅满足市场需求的40%，并且国内大量智能型节能型抽油机依靠从美国、加拿大、俄罗斯等国家进口，进口产品价格比国内同型号的产品贵80%以上。
无游梁式抽油机的发展前景广阔，但目前难题不少。国内外机械采油设备正朝着长冲程、低冲次、超大载荷、节能与智能化方向发展，游梁式抽油机由于其结构上的限制，不适应长冲程的要求，游梁抽油机由于其结构上的限制，不适应长冲程的要求。无游梁抽油机在实现上述目标的同时还具有体积小、重量轻、动负载小、冲次低、耗能少等一系列优点。20世纪80年代以来，各种无游梁抽油机相继制成并投入使用，但是，由于柔性传动件、换向机构等关键部件的可靠性不高；电气部（元）件适应石油开采作业环境的能力差；移机操作困难、可维修性差等原因，目前该产品还未得到大面积推广。
四、建设规模及产品方案
建设规模及产品方案：本项目生产规模为年产300台智能型节能型抽油机。
五、技术方案及设备方案
（一）技术方案。本项目通过简便微处理机和自适应电子控制器对井下各种数据（如井温、井压、泵效等）和地面设施的运转状态进行全程监控，减少了操作的复杂性，及时改变抽油机的冲程次数，并且结构紧凑、重量轻、操作简便。此机型可在不停机状态下进行调冲剂等一系列地面凋参工作，平衡率高达95%以上。
（二）设备方案。该项目主要生产设备有微处理机、减速机、防尘装置等。
六、项目投资概算
该项目计划总投资5000万元，其中固定资产投资3200万元，铺底流动资金1800万元。
七、经济效益分析
该项目完工投产后，年产智能型节能型抽油机300台，年实现销售收入10200万元，利税3250万元，其中利润2204万元，投资利税率65%。
Recommendation for 300 intelligent energy-efficient Pumping Units per year project
ⅠMain contention
ⅰName: 300 intelligent energy-efficient pumping units per year project
ⅱ Main introduction
Facing the situation of domestic pumping units, to develop intelligent energy-efficient pumping units can reduce 20%-50% of the energy consumption with advantages as high efficiency, multi-purpose, safe, intelligent, low cost and adaptable in the operation.
Ⅱ Background of the program
Pumping unit is the main production settlement in the oil extraction. At present the common pumping unit all over the world is beam pumper which possess advantages as simple structure, easy to be make and convenient to maintain. Operated safely, it can run perennial without stop and adopted as the first choice in many large oil fields. Meanwhile, some shortage still exist during the operation such as bad balance, large cubic measurement, large energy consumption and hard to control.
At present, many old oil fields have come into later development period. As the water content of the petrol became more and more high. To maintain the quality and cost of the petrol, it will be necessary to adopt high effect pumper. At present beam pumpers have extracted 80% of whole oil reserves. If they are changed into more energy-efficient pumper, more benefits will be brought to the oil fields. As the continuous improvements and growing in the technology of intelligent energy-efficient pumping unit, it can no matter gradually occupy domestic markets but expand into international markets. So, intelligent energy-efficient pumping unit shares bright future.
Ⅲ Analysis of the market
At present the common pumping unit all over the world is beam pumper which exists disadvantages as large cubic measurement, large energy consumption and hard to control. According to statistics data, 80% pumpers of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association belong to this kind of pumpers. So it is necessary to promote intelligent energy-efficient pumping units. Although many factories are producing pumpers, the products contents little added value and consumes much energy resources. The factories making intelligent energy-efficient pumping unit are less than 10, which are far to meet the market demands. Many pumpers depend on export from US, Canada and Russia. The import prices are usually 80% higher than domestic production of the same grade.
With advantages as small cubic measurement, little weigh and energy consumption, all kinds of non-beam pumpers are developed and put into operation since 1980s. Meanwhile, as the shortages in adaptability and dependability, it has not been promoted widely.
Ⅳ Construction scale
The scale of the project is 300 intelligent energy-efficient pumping units per year.
Ⅴ Investment of the project
The total investments of the project come to 50 million RMB including fixed assets 32 million RMB and current funds 18 million RMB.
Ⅵ Economic benefits
As the operation of the project, annual output of intelligent energy-efficient pumping units can expect to 300. Annual revenue sales of 102 million RMB and profits of 22.04 million RMB can be realized. 10.46 million RMB can be paid as taxes.
